An Act to Provide for the National Defense of the Philippines, Penalizing Certain Violations Thereof, Appropriating Funds Therefor, and For Other Purposes.

Case Overview and Summary

TITLE I: NATIONAL DEFENSE

Summary:
- Establishes the national defense policy of the Philippines, including the preservation of the state, security, freedom, and neutrality through the employment of all citizens and resources (Section 2).
- Outlines the principles of national mobilization, civil authority supremacy, and the President's role as Commander-in-Chief (Section 2).
- Prohibits individual profit from war (Section 2(h)).
- Mandates military service for all Filipino citizens, with exemptions for specific groups (Section 3).
- Establishes the Council of National Defense, its composition, and responsibilities (Sections 6-8).
- Divides the Philippines into military districts for recruitment, training, and mobilization (Sections 9-12).
- Provides for the establishment of mobilization centers (Section 13).
- Outlines the procedures for national and partial mobilization (Sections 14-15).

TITLE II: MILITARY ORGANIZATION

Summary:
- Defines the composition of the Army of the Philippines, including the Regular Force and Reserve Force (Section 17).
- Outlines the organization and structure of the Regular Force (Sections 19-26).
- Establishes the General Staff Corps, Central General Staff, and their duties (Section 23).
- Defines the various services, including the Adjutant General's Service, Judge Advocate General's Service, and others (Section 25).
- Provides for the establishment of the Philippine Military Academy and the Cadet Corps (Sections 30-31).
- Outlines the organization and composition of the Reserve Force (Sections 32-33).
- Establishes procedures for the procurement, training, and appointment of reserve officers and non-commissioned officers (Sections 34-46).
- Mandates active duty training periods for reservists (Sections 47-49).
- Provides for the establishment of mobilization centers for reserve units (Section 50).

TITLE III: MILITARY SERVICE

Summary:
- Establishes the obligation for all Filipinos to serve in the military (Section 51).
- Defines the age ranges and classifications for military service: Trainees (20-21 years), First Reserve (22-31 years), Second Reserve (32-41 years), and Third Reserve (42-51 years) (Section 52).
- Mandates 18 consecutive months of military training and service for young men upon reaching 20 years of age (Section 53).
- Outlines the procedures for registration, exemptions, and deferments for military service (Sections 54-60).
- Establishes Acceptance Boards for the examination, classification, and deferment of trainees (Sections 61-71).
- Creates the Central Review Board for appeals related to military service (Sections 72-75).
- Provides for the incorporation of trainees into military service and transfer to the Reserve Force upon completion of training (Sections 76-79).
- Mandates preparatory military training for youth aged 10-20 years, including Junior Cadets, High School Cadets, and Junior Reserves (Sections 80-88).

TITLE IV: GRADES, PAY, AND ALLOWANCES

Summary:
- Outlines the pay and allowances for officers of the Regular Force, female nurses, and reserve officers on extended active duty, as prescribed by the President (Sections 90, 90-A, 90-B).
- Provides for the pay and allowances of trainees, probationary second lieutenants, and members of the Reserve Officers' Training Units (Sections 91-94).
- Establishes the pay, allowances, and privileges for reserve officers on extended active duty (Section 95).
- Allows for the appointment of U.S. Army officers as technical advisers with military rank and emoluments (Section 95).

TITLE V: APPROPRIATION OF FUNDS

Summary:
- Establishes six purposes for the appropriation, expenditure, and accounting of national defense funds: (I) Pay and Allowances of Personnel, (II) Maintenance of Personnel, (III) Transportation, (IV) Armament, Equipment, and Supplies, (V) Construction, and (VI) Miscellaneous (Section 97).
- Provides for the carry-over of unexpended funds for a period of 10 years (Section 97).
- Allows the President to authorize direct purchases by the Chief of Staff without intervention of the Division of Purchase and Supply (Section 97).
- Defines the specific items included under each purpose for appropriation (Section 97).

TITLE VI: FINAL PROVISIONS

Summary:
- Repeals all laws and parts of laws inconsistent with this Act (Section 99).
- Establishes the effective date of the Act upon its approval (Section 102).