An Act Constituting An Independent Presidential Electoral Tribunal To Try, Hear And Decide Election Contests In The Office Of President And Vice-President Of The Philippines, Appropriating

Case Overview and Summary

Summary of Batas Pambansa Blg. 232 (Education Act of 1982)

General Provisions
- Covers formal and non-formal education systems in public and private schools (Sec. 2)
- Declares basic state policy on establishing an integrated education system relevant to national development goals (Sec. 3)
- Outlines objectives of the educational system (Sec. 4)

The Educational Community
- Defines the members: parents, students, school personnel, schools (Sec. 6)
- Outlines rights of parents (Sec. 8), students (Sec. 9), school personnel (Sec. 10-12), and schools (Sec. 13)
- Specifies duties of parents (Sec. 14), students (Sec. 15), teachers (Sec. 16), administrators (Sec. 17), and academic non-teaching personnel (Sec. 18)

The Educational Systems
- Defines formal education levels: elementary, secondary, and tertiary (Sec. 20)
- Outlines objectives of elementary (Sec. 21), secondary (Sec. 22), and tertiary (Sec. 23) education
- Recognizes specialized educational services: work education, technical-vocational education, special education, and non-formal education (Sec. 24)
- Provides for establishment (Sec. 25) and recognition (Sec. 27-28) of schools, with effects and punishable violations
- Allows for voluntary accreditation of schools (Sec. 29)
- Requires internal organization (Sec. 30) and governing boards (Sec. 31) for schools
- Regulates personnel transactions in public and private schools (Sec. 32)
- Outlines policies on school finance and assistance, including funding for public schools (Sec. 34-39), private schools (Sec. 40-44), and incentives (Sec. 45-50)
- Provides for government assistance to students through scholarships, grants, and loans (Sec. 51-53)

The Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports
- Vests administration and supervision of education system in the Ministry (Sec. 54)
- Outlines organization of the Ministry, including the Board of Higher Education and various bureaus (Sec. 55-66)
- Specifies functions of regional offices (Sec. 67)

Miscellaneous Provisions
- Imposes penal sanctions for violations, with fines up to ₱10,000 and/or imprisonment up to 2 years (Sec. 68)
- Allows for administrative sanctions by the Minister for various causes (Sec. 69)
- Grants rule-making authority to the Minister (Sec. 70)
- Includes separability (Sec. 71) and repealing (Sec. 72) clauses
- Provides for effectivity upon approval (Sec. 73)